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| Mém. Acad. Roy. Belg., Cl. Sci. sér. 2, 30(2): 82 (1957). | |||
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| Caesalpiniaceae (Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae) | |||
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| Copaifera le-testui (Pellegr.) Pellegr. (1947). | |||
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| Sindoropsis le-testui has a small distribution area, restricted to Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. | |||
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| The wood, known as ‘ghéombi’, is suitable for construction, flooring, joinery, interior trim, mine props, ship building, vehicle bodies, furniture, toys, novelties, boxes, crates, veneer and plywood. Bark decoctions are used in traditional medicine; they are applied as enema to treat intestinal complaints and externally to treat headache and as stimulant, whereas they are administered orally as anthelmintic. Pulverized bark is rubbed in to treat scabies. Bark extracts have been used to dye Raphia fibres blackish. The seed oil is applied as skin care product and perfume. | |||
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| The wood is traded on the international timber market in small amounts. In 1997 Gabon exported nearly 4000 m³ of logs, but in 1999 the amount had declined to about 500 m³ and to 100 m³ in 2001. However, it increased again to 2750 m³ in 2005. | |||
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| The heartwood is pinkish brown to reddish brown, darkening upon exposure with a coppery shine and slightly darker streaks, and distinctly demarcated from the whitish, 8–10 cm wide sapwood turning greyish to brown upon drying. The grain is straight to slightly interlocked, texture medium to coarse and even. The wood contains a resinous exudate. It is medium-weight to fairly heavy, with a density of 630–810 kg/m³ at 12% moisture content, and fairly hard. It air dries quite well but slowly, with some tendency of distortion and checking. Air drying to 15–20% moisture content is recommended before kiln drying, especially for thin boards. The rates of shrinkage are moderate, from green to oven dry 3.0–4.8% radial and 5.5–9.0% tangential. Once dry, the wood is moderately stable to unstable in service. At 12% moisture content, the modulus of rupture is 115–201 N/mm², modulus of elasticity 10,700–20,200 N/mm², compression parallel to grain 55–70 N/mm², shear 7.5–12.5 N/mm², cleavage 13–24 N/mm and Chalais-Meudon side hardness 4.5–8.8. The wood saws and works well with both hand and machine tools, but with some blunting effect on saw teeth and cutting edges; stellite-tipped saw teeth and tungsten-carbide cutting edges are recommended. Clogging of saw blades and tools may occur due to the presence of resin. The wood planes to a smooth finish except when interlocked grain is present. The nailing and screwing properties are good, with satisfactory holding power. The resin in the wood may interfere with polishing and painting. The wood glues well. The peeling and slicing characteristics are satisfactory after steaming. The heartwood is moderately durable, being moderately resistant to fungal, termite, borer and marine borer attacks. The sapwood is liable to Lyctus attack. The heartwood is moderately resistant to impregnation with preservatives, the sapwood is permeable. The resin has been reported to be very inflammable. | |||
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| Medium-sized to very large tree up to 60 m tall; bole branchless for up to 30 m, straight and cylindrical, up to 130(–200) cm in diameter, thickened at base or with rounded buttresses; bark surface fairly smooth but finely fissured, dark grey, inner bark moderately thick, fibrous, reddish brown, with some dark resinous exudate; twigs short-hairy, becoming glabrous. Leaves alternate, imparipinnately compound with 6–11 leaflets; stipules absent or early caducous; petiole and rachis together 8–10 cm long; petiolules c. 0.5 cm long; leaflets alternate, oblong to ovate or elliptical, 4–6 cm × 2–3 cm, usually rounded at base, short-acuminate at apex, leathery, glabrous, with many translucent dots, pinnately veined with many lateral veins, with a gland near attachment of petiolule and another gland at distal end of midrib below. Inflorescence an axillary raceme up to 10 cm long, densely yellowish brown short-hairy. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, white; pedicel 5–7 mm long, jointed at base; sepals 4, oblong-lanceolate, unequal, 5–7 mm long, one slightly shorter than other 3, short-hairy; petal 1, elliptical, up to 5 mm long, glabrous; stamens 10, all fused but 1 free, up to 1 cm long but alternately long and short; ovary superior, obliquely ovoid, hairy at margins, with short stipe, style slender, glabrous. Fruit a flattened oblong to lanceolate pod 7–10 cm long, distinctly pointed at apex, glabrous, smooth, dehiscing with 2 thin-leathery valves, with short stipe, 1–2-seeded. Seeds flattened oblong, glossy black. Seedling with epigeal germination; hypocotyl 8–10 cm long, epicotyl 4–5 cm long, finely hairy; first 2 leaves opposite, with 4 leaflets. Trees flower at the end of the dry season and fruits ripen around January, when they split open suddenly dispersing the seeds over short distances. Sindoropsis comprises a single species. It is related to Sindora and Tessmannia, which differ in having 1 petal and 2 fertile stamens, and 5 petals and 10 fertile stamens, respectively. | |||
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| Sindoropsis le-testui occurs in lowland rainforest up to 700 m altitude, often scattered but sometimes locally abundant in primary forest. | |||
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| The minimum bole diameter allowed for harvesting in Gabon is 70 cm. Freshly felled logs should not be left in the forest too long or treated with preservatives because they are susceptible to fungal and insect attacks. They do not float in water and thus cannot be transported by river. The greenish resin present in the wood may cause difficulties in sawing by gumming-up saw teeth. | |||
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| Sindoropsis le-testui has a small area of distribution mainly in undisturbed forest, which makes it easily liable to genetic erosion. Monitoring of stands is recommended. | |||
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| Sindoropsis le-testui provides a general-purpose timber of fair quality, with as drawback the presence of resin. However, the amounts available in its small distribution area are probably too limited to have prospects for more extensive commercial exploitation. Knowledge on growth rates and regeneration are lacking. | |||
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| • Aubréville, A., 1968. Légumineuses - Caesalpinioidées (Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae). Flore du Gabon. Volume 15. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. 362 pp. • Bolza, E. & Keating, W.G., 1972. African timbers: the properties, uses and characteristics of 700 species. Division of Building Research, CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia. 710 pp. • CIRAD Forestry Department, 2009. Gheombi. [Internet] Tropix 6.0. http://tropix.cirad.fr/ africa/ gheombi.pdf. Accessed March 2012. • de Saint-Aubin, G., 1963. La forêt du Gabon. Publication No 21 du Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Nogent-sur-Marne, France. 208 pp. • Sallenave, P., 1955. Propriétés physiques et mécaniques des bois tropicaux de l’Union française. Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Nogent-sur-Marne, France. 129 pp. | |||
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| • Aubréville, A., 1970. Légumineuses - Césalpinioidées (Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae). Flore du Cameroun. Volume 9. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. 339 pp. • Christy, P., Jaffré, R., Ntougou, O. & Wilks, C., 2003. La forêt et la filière bois au Gabon. Projet Aménagement Forestier et Environnement, Libreville, Gabon. 389 pp. • Maisonneuve, J.F. & Manfredini, M.L. (Editors), 1988. Ghéombi. Les bois du Gabon. Département de Sciences Naturelles, Institut Pédagogique National, Ministère de l’éducation nationale, Libreville, Gabon. pp. 60–61. • Neuwinger, H.D., 2000. African traditional medicine: a dictionary of plant use and applications. Medpharm Scientific, Stuttgart, Germany. 589 pp. • Normand, D. & Paquis, J., 1976. Manuel d’identification des bois commerciaux. Tome 2. Afrique guinéo-congolaise. Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Nogent-sur-Marne, France. 335 pp. • Raponda-Walker, A. & Sillans, R., 1961. Les plantes utiles du Gabon. Paul Lechevalier, Paris, France. 614 pp. • Sallenave, P., 1971. Propriétés physiques et mécaniques des bois tropicaux. Deuxième supplément. Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Nogent-sur-Marne, France. 128 pp. • Tailfer, Y., 1989. La forêt dense d’Afrique centrale. Identification pratique des principaux arbres. Tome 2. CTA, Wageningen, Pays-Bas. pp. 465–1271. • Takahashi, A., 1978. Compilation of data on the mechanical properties of foreign woods (part 3) Africa. Shimane University, Matsue, Japan. 248 pp. • White, L. & Abernethy, K., 1997. A guide to the vegetation of the Lopé Reserve, Gabon. 2nd edition. Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, United States. 224 pp. | |||
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| Lemmens, R.H.M.J., 2012. Sindoropsis le-testui (Pellegr.) J.Léonard. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. Lemmens, R.H.M.J., Louppe, D. & Oteng-Amoako, A.A. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp>. Accessed . | |||
| There are 30 book citations related to Myrsine melanophloeos (L.) R.Br.. Click on "show more" to view them. | ||
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