Dactyladenia scabrifolia

Family

Chrysobalanaceae

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Synonyms

Acioa scabrifolia Hua (1897).

Vernacular names

Origin and geographic distribution

Dactyladenia scabrifolia occurs from Guinea to Côte d’Ivoire.

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Uses

The wood is locally used for construction, planks and utensils such as rice pestles and mortars. It produces excellent charcoal. A leaf decoction is taken to treat dysentery. The seed is reportedly edible.

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Properties

The heartwood is pale brown to reddish brown, sometimes with narrow darker streaks, and not distinctly demarcated from the paler sapwood. The texture is moderately coarse. The wood is fairly heavy, hard and moderately durable.

Botany

Small to medium-sized tree up to 20(–27) m tall; bole usually straight, slightly fluted, up to 50 cm in diameter, without buttresses; bark surface scaly, grey to pale brown, inner bark hard, granular, pale brown to reddish, with clear exudate; crown fairly dense, heavily branched with often drooping branches; twigs glabrous, with pale lenticels. Leaves alternate, simple and entire; stipules linear, c. 4 mm long, persistent; petiole 3–5 mm long; blade elliptical to oblong, 6–13(–15) cm × 2.5–5.5 cm, cuneate at base, acuminate at apex, leathery, glabrous, upper surface rough to the touch, with a few glands near base of lower surface, pinnately veined with 4–8 pairs of lateral veins. Inflorescence a terminal or axillary raceme 6–10 cm long, slightly hairy. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, 5-merous, greenish white to pinkish; pedicel 6–14 mm long; receptacle tube narrowly obconical, 4–8 mm long, glabrous; sepals 4–6 mm long; petals 4–6 mm long, caducous; stamens c. 20, fused, 1.5–2.5 cm long; ovary superior, inserted at mouth of receptacle tube, 1-celled, style slightly longer than stamens, slightly 3-lobed at apex. Fruit an ovoid drupe 4–5 cm × 2–3 cm, smooth and glabrous, 1-seeded. Seedling with epigeal germination.
In Sierra Leone flowering trees of Dactyladenia scabrifolia have been recorded throughout the year; fruits are most commonly found in August–September.
Dactyladenia comprises about 30 species and is confined to West and Central Africa. Dactyladenia scabrifolia is closely related to Dactyladenia barteri (Hook.f. ex Oliv.) Prance & F.White, which has some reputation as a fallow crop in Nigeria, but the latter species has a hairy receptacle tube and more smooth leaves.

Description

Ecology

Dactyladenia scabrifolia is usually an understorey tree of primary and old secondary rainforest, but also occurs in riverine forest and in abandoned farmland. It is found up to 1100 m altitude in Mount Nimba. It is locally abundant.

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Management

Dactyladenia scabrifolia has been considered a weed in managed forest, and trees have been poisoned.

Genetic resources and breeding

Dactyladenia scabrifolia is locally abundant in different types of forest and does not seem to be under threat of genetic erosion. However, many other Dactyladenia spp. seem to be uncommon or rare.

Prospects

Trees of Dactyladenia scabrifolia are usually too small to be of importance for their timber. Very little is known about this species, but research could be worthwhile in the light of the good prospects of the related Dactyladenia barteri in agroforestry systems and in fuelwood plantations managed by coppicing.

Major references

• Burkill, H.M., 1985. The useful plants of West Tropical Africa. 2nd Edition. Volume 1, Families A–D. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom. 960 pp.
• Lapido, D.O. & Kang, B.T., 2002. Dactyladenia barteri (Hook.f. ex Oliv.) Prance & F.White. In: Oyen, L.P.A. & Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (Editors). Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. Precursor. PROTA Programme, Wageningen, the Netherlands. pp. 64–66.
• Prance, G.T. & Sothers, C.A., 2003. Chrysobalanaceae 2: Acioa to Magnistipula. Species Plantarum: Flora of the World. Part 10. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, Australia. 268 pp.
• Savill, P.S. & Fox, J.E.D., 1967. Trees of Sierra Leone. Forest Department, Freetown, Sierra Leone. 316 pp.

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Other references

• Aubréville, A., 1959. La flore forestière de la Côte d’Ivoire. Deuxième édition révisée. Tome premier. Publication No 15. Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Nogent-sur-Marne, France. 369 pp.
• Hawthorne, W. & Jongkind, C., 2006. Woody plants of western African forests: a guide to the forest trees, shrubs and lianes from Senegal to Ghana. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. 1023 pp.
• Irvine, F.R., 1961. Woody plants of Ghana, with special reference to their uses. Oxford University Press, London, United Kingdom. 868 pp.
• Kryn, J.M. & Fobes, E.W., 1959. The woods of Liberia. Report 2159. USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, United States. 147 pp.

Author(s)

•	R.H.M.J. Lemmens PROTA Network Office Europe, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands

Editors

•	R.H.M.J. Lemmens PROTA Network Office Europe, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands
•	D. Louppe CIRAD, Département Environnements et Sociétés, Cirad es-dir, Campus international de Baillarguet, TA C-DIR / B (Bât. C, Bur. 113), 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
•	A.A. Oteng-Amoako Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG), University P.O. Box 63, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana

Associate editors

•	E.A. Obeng Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG), University P.O. Box 63, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana

Correct citation of this article

Lemmens, R.H.M.J., 2010. Dactyladenia scabrifolia (Hua) Prance & F.White. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. Lemmens, R.H.M.J., Louppe, D. & Oteng-Amoako, A.A. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp>. Accessed .

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